Symbols in Set theory


Table of set theory symbols:

Symbol
Symbol Name
Meaning / definition
Example
{ }
set
a collection of elements
A={3,7,9,14}, B={9,14,28}
A ∩ B
intersection
objects that belong to set A and set B
A ∩ B = {9,14}
A ∪ B
union
objects that belong to set A or set B
A ∪ B = {3,7,9,14,28}
A ⊆ B
subset
subset has fewer elements or equal to the set
{9,14,28} ⊆ {9,14,28}
A ⊂ B
proper subset / strict subset
subset has fewer elements than the set
{9,14} ⊂ {9,14,28}
A ⊄ B
not subset
left set not a subset of right set
{9,66} ⊄ {9,14,28}
A ⊇ B
superset
set A has more elements or equal to the set B
{9,14,28} ⊇ {9,14,28}
A ⊃ B
proper superset / strict superset
set A has more elements than set B
{9,14,28} ⊃ {9,14}
A ⊅ B
not superset
set A is not a superset of set B
{9,14,28} ⊅ {9,66}
2A
power set
all subsets of A

Ƥ (A)
power set
all subsets of A

A = B
equality
both sets have the same members
A={3,9,14}, B={3,9,14}, A=B
Ac
complement
all the objects that do not belong to set A

A \ B
relative complement
objects that belong to A and not to B
A={3,9,14},     B={1,2,3}, A-B={9,14}
A - B
relative complement
objects that belong to A and not to B
A={3,9,14},     B={1,2,3}, A-B={9,14}
A ∆ B
symmetric difference
objects that belong to A or B but not to their intersection
A={3,9,14},     B={1,2,3}, A ∆ B={1,2,9,14}
A ⊖ B
symmetric difference
objects that belong to A or B but not to their intersection
A={3,9,14},     B={1,2,3}, A ⊖ B={1,2,9,14}
a∈A
element of
set membership
A={3,9,14}, 3 ∈ A
x∉A
not element of
no set membership
A={3,9,14}, 1 ∉ A
(a,b)
ordered pair
collection of 2 elements

A×B
cartesian product
set of all ordered pairs from A and B

|A|
cardinality
the number of elements of set A
A={3,9,14}, |A|=3
#A
cardinality
the number of elements of set A
A={3,9,14}, #A=3
א
aleph
infinite cardinality

Ø
empty set
Ø = { }
C = {Ø}
U
universal set
set of all possible values

ℕ0
natural numbers / whole numbers  set (with zero)
ℕ0 = {0,1,2,3,4,...}
0 ∈ ℕ0
ℕ1
natural numbers / whole numbers  set (without zero)
ℕ1 = {1,2,3,4,5,...}
6 ∈ ℕ1
ℤ
integer numbers set
ℤ = {...-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,...}
-6 ∈ ℤ
ℚ
rational numbers set
ℚ = {x | x=a/b, a,b∈ℕ}
2/6 ∈ ℚ
ℝ
real numbers set
ℝ = {x | -∞ < x <∞}
6.343434 ∈ ℝ
ℂ
complex numbers set
ℂ = {z | z=a+bi, -∞<a<∞,      -∞<b<∞}
6+2i ∈ ℂ